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NEWBURYPORT HERALD
Tuesday, May 2, 1815
VERY LATE, IMPORTANT, & EXTRAORDINARY NEWS.
• Return of Napoleon Bonaparte to Paris, as Emperor of France, on the 20th of March.
• Departure of King Louis and the princes of his family for England, on the evening of the 19th of March.
• Change of Rulers, without loss of blood.
From the N.Y. Mercantile Advertiser — April 27:
Last evening arrived at this port the fast sailing letter of ??? Capt. Pond, in 25 days from Rochelle, France, whence he sailed on the 1st of April. Capt. Pond has politely furnished the Editors of the Mercantile Advertiser with a file of the Paris Moniteur to the 23rd of March, inclusive, containing details of this most extraordinary event, of which translations follow.
We learn verbally from Capt. Pond, that the Congress of Vienna did not break up until after the arrival of the Emperor Napoleon in Lyons, which was on the 10th of March.
Napoleon departed from Elba on the 24th of February, with a fleet of 5 small vessels and 600 men — arrived at Frejus on the 28th of the same month, and at Lyons on the 10th of March, where he tarried three days. Twenty-five thousand men were at Lyons, under the command of the Duke de Berri, and Marshal Macdonald. The army joined Napoleon, and the commanders fled. On the 19th of March, Napoleon arrived at Fontainebleau, where Marshal Ney was stationed with 40,000 men, who received Napoleon with open arms, and on the 20th Napoleon entered Paris at the head of his 600 guards, who accompanied him to and from Elba.
Talleyrand was at Vienna, and his lady left Paris on the 19th for England, with Madame Moreau and Lady Wellington.
The Empress Maria Louisa would arrive in Paris on the 4th of April, escorted by the Arch Duke Charles, at the head of 25,000 men.
Murat, King of Naples, had declared for Napoleon, having made a Treaty of Alliance with him previous to his departure from Elba.
The Army of Murat is estimated at 80,000 men, who rose upon the Austrian guard on the frontiers of Naples, and put every one of them to death.
Lord Castlereagh left Vienna on the 13th of February and had arrived in London.
TRANSLATIONS
Paris, March 23.
The Emperor left Elba on the 25th of February, at 5 in the afternoon, in a brig of 26 guns, with 400 of his guards, accompanied by three other vessels, having on board 200 infantry, 100 Polish light-horse, and a battalion of flankers of 200 men. The day of sailing passed the French brig of war Zephyr, without suspicion. On the 28th, saw a 74, which took no notice of the brig. On the 1st of March the Emperor arrived in the bay of Juan, where he landed at 5 in the afternoon, and encamped on the sea shore till the rising of the moon. At 11 o’clock he put himself at the head of his handful of brave men, and proceeded to Cannes; from thence to Grasse, and through St. Vallier, and arrived in the evening of the 2nd at the village of Cerenon, having marched the first day 20 leagues.
The manner in which he was received by the people of Cannes, gave the Emperor the first presage of success of the enterprise. On the night of the 3rd he slept at Bareme; on the 4th he dined at Digne. From Castellane to Digne, and throughout the department of the Lower Alps, the peasants, informed of the march of the Emperor, assembled from every direction upon his route, and manifested sentiments which left no doubt of his success. On the 5th, General Cambronne, with an advanced guard of 40 grenadiers, took possession of the bridge and fortress Sisteron. On the same day the Emperor slept at Gap, with 40 horsemen and 10 grenadiers. The enthusiasm with which the presence of the Emperor inspired the inhabitants, and the hatred which they had felt for the nobility, was a proof of the sentiments of the province of Dauphine.
At Gap, thousands of copies of Proclamations were printed and addressed by the Emperor to the army and to the people; and by the soldiers of the guard to their comrades. These proclamations were circulated with the rapidity of lightning. On the afternoon of the 6th the Emperor left Gap accompanied by the whole population of the city. At night he slept at Gorp. The 40 men of the advanced guard of General Cambronne proceeded to Muse, where they fell in with the van of a division of 6000 troops of the line, coming from Grenoble to oppose their march. General Cambronne wanted to parley with the advanced posts. They answered that they were forbidden to hold any communication. However, this van fell back 3 leagues and took a position between the lakes, at the village of ———. The Emperor informed of this circumstance rode to the spot where he found 7 to 800 troops, dismounted his horse, made himself known, and said that "the first soldier who chose to kill his Emperor, might do so." The unanimous cry was long live the Emperor! This regiment had been commanded by the Emperor, during his first campaigns in Italy, these troops embraced the followers of the Emperor, and instantly tore from their hats the which cockade and replaced them with the tri-colored. The Emperor then addressed them, after which they demanded to be the first to march against the division which covered Grenoble. They began their march in the midst of a crowd of inhabitants which increased every moment. The Emperor marched towards Grenoble, and on his way, a whole regiment came over to him, commanded by Col. Labedoyere. At 9 in the evening the Emperor entered one of the suburbs of Grenoble. The troops within the gates of the city, consisted of about 5000 in number, among them a regiment, in which 23 years before, the Emperor had been a captain.
The National Guards and the whole population of Grenoble, were behind the garrison, and rent the air with cries of Long live the Emperor! — The gates were burst open, and at 10, the Emperor entered the city, in the midst of an army and a people animated with the most lively enthusiasm. The next day he reviewed the troops in the midst of the population of the whole department, who cried "Down with the bourbons! Down with the enemies of the people! Long live the Emperor, and a government of our own choice!" The garrison of Grenoble immediately afterwards proceeded by forced marches towards Lyons. From Grenoble to Lyons the marches of the Emperor were like a triumph. During this time, the Count d’Artois, the Duke of Orleans, and several Marshals, had reached Lyons. Money was lavished among the troops and promises made to the officers, but to no purpose. The Emperor entered Lyons on the 10th, at the head of troops sent to oppose him, and was received with every demonstration of joy. The Count d’Artois quitted Lyons escorted by a single gens d’arms.
On the 11th, the Emperor reviewed the troops at Lyons, and with General Brayer at their head, began his march towards Paris.
On the 13th, he arrived at Villa France, a small town of 4000 inhabitants, but which then contained sixty thousand. On the 15th he arrived at Autur; on the 16th at Avillon; on the 17th at Auxerre, where he was joined by the Prince of Moskowa, who had caused the tri-colored cockade to be hoisted throughout his district.
The Emperor reached Fontainebleau on the 20th, at 4 o’clock in the morning; at 7 he learned that the Bourbons had quitted Paris, and that the Capital wasfree. He immediately proceeded to the city, and entered the Tuileries at 9 in the evening, at the moment when he was least expected.
Thus has terminated, without the shedding of a single drop of blood, without meeting with any obstacles, this great enterprise, which has restored to the nation her rights and her glory, and which has effaced the stain which treason and the presence of strangers had fixed upon the Capital.
In eighteen days the brave battalion of guards have traversed the space between Juan and Paris, a distance which usually takes 45 days to travel.
On the 21st, at 1 o’clock in the afternoon, the Emperor reviewed all the troops composing the army of Paris. Every possible demonstration of joy was exhibited by both soldiers and citizens — Moniteur.
Paris, March 7.
We have delayed to announce the departure of Bonaparte from Elba and of his arrival in France, because the telegraph dispatches communicated no details.
Paris, March 20.
His Majesty has given the Portfolio of the ministers of justice to H.S.H. the Prince Arch Chancellor of the Empire.
His Majesty has appointed the Duke of Gaeta, Minister of Finances; the Duke of Bassano, Minister Secretary of State; the Duke of Decres, Minister of the Marine and of the Colonies; the Duke Oranto, Minister of the Imperial Treasury; the Duke of Rovigo, first Inspector General of the gens d’armes; the count De Bondy, Prefect of the Department of the Seine; the Counsellor Real, Prefect of Police.
By a decree of the 21st of March, the Emperor appointed the Duke of Vicenza, Minister of Foreign Affairs.
March 24.
His Majesty by a decree of yesterday, being desirous of giving to General Carol a testimony of his satisfaction in regard to his defense of Antwerp, has named him Count of the Empire. — General Count Carnot (?) was also the same day appointed Minister of the Interior.
At Lyons on the 15th March, the Emperor issued a set of decrees, nine in number, which annulled all alterations that had been made in the Constitution and Government since his deposition, and placing things as nearly as possible upon their former footing.
Vienna, March 11.
The departure of the Emperor Napoleon from Elba continues to occupy the whole attention of the public. There have been numerous conferences between the sovereigns and the ministers; as yet we know of no resolution of the congress relative to the unexpected circumstance.
La Rochelle, March 25.
They write from Amiens, that twenty thousand men forming the advanced guard of the French army, have passed through that city; taking the Lillisle where the Princes of the House of Bourbon have retired. It is believed that that city will not expose itself to a siege. It is further said, that the king has embarked for England at Ambleteause, near Calais. It is believed that our troops will take immediate possession of Belgium, where the Emperor will find great resources and many partisans. It is estimated that he has already reunited 130,000 men. Orders have been given to raise new levels of troops.
It is said that Lord Wellington will command the English troops in Belgium, and that the Prussian corps of troops is advancing towards the frontiers of France; and that a general war is likely to take place. All Italy is said to be in a state of insurrection. Austria is sending a large army into that country.
Piedmont and Genoa are rising and are disposed to declare in favour of France. Bordeaux and Toulouse are for the king, but it is believed this will not hold out long. The Bordeaux people endeavoured to take possession of the post of Bianges, but they did not succeed.
The duke of Angouleme has his head quarters at Toulouse; he has sent for troops, and they are national guards.
The French have in Brest, 44 sail of the line, 1 at Toulon, and 6 at Rochefort; all the Foreign seamen, especially those returned from British prisons, are devoted to Napoleon.
It is said by letters from Paris, that since the return of Napoleon, he appears moderately disposed; it appears that he had made propositions to Austria through the mediation of Maria Louisa, that in case that power would declare in his favour, or would offer her mediation and remain neutral, peace would soon be re-established, at least on the continent of Europe.
PROCLAMATION OF HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF FRANCE
At Gulph Juan, March 1, 1815
Napoleon, by the Grace of God and the Constitutions of the State, Emperor of the French &c. &c. &c.
FRENCHMEN — The defection of the Duke of Castiglione (Augereau) delivered Lyons, without defense, to our enemy. The army, the command of which I had confided to him, was by the number of the battalions, the bravery and the patriotism of the troops which composed them was able to beat the corps of the Austrian army which was opposed to it, and to fall upon the rear of the left flank of the enemy’s army which menaced Paris.
The victories of Champ-Aubert, of Montmirail, of Chateau Thierry, of Vauchamp, of Moimans, of Monterau, of Craone, of Rheims, of Arei-sur-Aube and of St. Dizier, the insurrection of the brave peasants of Lorraine, of Champagee, of Alsace, of Franche Compte, and of Burgundy; and the position which I had taken in the rear of the enemy’s army by separating it from its magazines, from its parks of reserve, from its convoys and from all its baggage, had placed it in a desperate situation. The French were never on the point of being more powerful; and the flower of the enemy’s army was left without resource; it had found its grave in these vast countries which it had lacked in such an unpitying manner, when the treason of the Duke of Ragusa (Marmont) delivered up the capital, and disorganized the army. The unexpected conduct of these two Generals, which betrayed at once their country, their prince, and their benefactor, changed the fate of the war. The disastrous situation of the enemy was such that at the end of the affair, which took place before Paris itself, was without (???), in consequence of its separation from its parks of reserve.
Under these novel and great circumstances, my heart was rent to pieces, but my soul remained immovable. I only consulted the interest of the country; I exiled myself to a rock in the middle of the seas; my life was and would be that of ??? to you; I would not permit that the great number of citizens who wished to accompany me, partaking of my fate, should do so; I believed their presence useful to France, and I only took with me a handful of brave men, necessary for my guard.
Raised to the throne by your choice, all that has been done without you, is unlawful. For twenty-five years past, France has had new interests, new ???, a new glory, which could only be guaranteed by a national government, and by a dynasty born under those new circumstance. A Prince who will reign over you, who will sit on my throne, by the force of the same armies which have ravaged our territory, will seen in vain to support himself by the principles of the feudal law; he could not assume the honour and the rights but of a small number of individuals, enemies to the people who twenty-five years ago, had condemned them in their national assemblies. Your interior tranquility and your external reputation would have been lost forever.
Frenchmen! In my exile I have heard your complaints and your wishes; you call back that government of your choice which alone is legitimate. You blamed my long slumber; you reproached me with sacrificing to my ease, the great interests of the country.
I have traversed the seas in the midst of ??? of every kind; I arrive among you and resume my rights, which are your ???. Whatever individuals have done, ??? said, since the capture of Paris. ??? I remain forever ignorant of ??? have not influence upon the recollections of which I cherish of the important services which they have rendered; for events of such a nature, are above human control.
Frenchmen! there is no nation, however unconsiderable, which has not had the right and has not been subjected to the dishonour of obeying a Prince imposed by an enemy who is victorious for a season. When Charles the VII re-entered Paris and overthrew the ephemeral throne of Henry VI, he determined to hold his throne by the valour of his brave men, and not by that of the Prince Regent of England. It is thus that to you alone, and to the brave men of the army, I give and will always give, the glory of my being indebted for every thing.
(Signed)
BY THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON
The Grand Marshal performing the functions of the Major-General of the Grand Army.
(Signed) BERTRAND
TO THE ARMY.
SOLDIERS! We have not been vanquished. Two men, deserting our ranks have betrayed our laurels, their Country, their Prince, their Benefactors.
Those whom we have seen, during five and twenty years, traversing all Europe, excite enemies against us, who have passed their lives in fighting against us in the ranks of foreign armies, while loading with curses our beautiful France; shall they pretend to command and enchain our Eagles; they who have never dared to encounter the sight of them! Shall we suffer them to inherit the fruits of our glorious achievements; to engross our ???, our wealth; to calumniate our glory! If their reign should continue, everything would be lost, even the remembrance of those immortal victories. With what fury do they pervert them! The endeavor to poison what the world admires; and if there still remain any defenders of our glory, it is among those very enemies whom we have encountered in the field of battle.
SOLDIERS! In my exile, I have heard our voice, I have arrived in spite of every obstacle, and every danger. Your General, called to the throne by the choice of the people, and borne on your shields, is restored to you. Come and join him. Tear off these colors which the Nation was proscribed, and which during twenty-five years served as a rallying point to all the enemies of France. Assume this tri-colored cockade; you wore it during our days of victory.
We should forget that we have been the Masters of Nations; but we ought not to suffer any other nation to intermeddle with our affairs.
Who shall pretend to be master among us! Who had the power? Re-assume those Eagles, which were yours at Ulm, at Austerlitz, at Jena, at Eylau, and Friedland, at Jadella, at Echmul, at Essling, at Wagram, at Smolensk, at Moscow, at Lutzen, at Vurken, at Montmirail. Think you, that this handful of Frenchmen now so ???, would venture to encounter the sight of them! Let them return from whence they came, and there, if they choose, let them reign, as they have pretended to reign during nineteen years.
Your property, your rank, and your glory, the property, the risk and the glory of your children, have no greater enemies, than those Princes whom Strangers have imposed upon us. They are the enemies of our glory; and their condemnation is sealed by the recital of so many heroic deeds, which have immortalized the French people while struggling to throw off their yoke.
The Veterans of the armies of the Sambre and Meuse, of the Rhine, of Italy, of Egypt, of the West and of the Grand Army, are all humbled; the glory of their wounds are tarnished, their victories are crimes, these brave men are rebels, if as the enemies of the people pretend, legitimate Sovereigns were found in the midst of foreign armies.
They bestow honors, rewards, their affections, on those who have served against their country and against us.
SOLDIERS! Rally under the standard of your Chief. His existence is yours. His rights are no other than those of the people and yours. His interest, his honor, his glory, are not other than your interest, your honor, and your glory. Victory shall march with the rapidity of an army rushing to the combat. The Eagle with the National colours, shall fly from steeple to steeple, until it reaches the towers of Notre Dame; then you may show with pride your wounds; then you may boast of your achievements. You will be the saviours of your Country. In your old age, surrounded by your fellow citizens, they will hear you with respect relating your exploits. You will have if in your power to say with pride, "And also, I was one of the Grand Army which twice entered the walls of Vienna, those of Rome, of Berlin, of Madrid, of Moscow, and which rescued Paris from the disgrace which treason and the presence of the enemy had enstamped upon it."
Honor to these brave Soldiers, the glory of the Country! Eternal shame to those criminal Frenchmen, in whatever rank or station they may have been born, who for five and twenty years have fought under foreign banner to tear the bosom of their Country.
(Signed)
BY THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON
The Grand Marshal, exercising the functions of the Maj. Gen. To the Grand Army.
BERTRAND
EXTRACTS FROM THE MONITEUR
Paris, 20th March, 1815.
The King and the Princes left here last night. His Majesty the Emperor arrived at this Palace of the Tuileries this evening at 8 o’clock. He entered at the head of the same troops which were sent out this morning to oppose his passage. The army which had been formed since his debarkation could not proceed beyond Fontainebleau.
The Emperor, on his way, passed in review several corps of troops. He proceeded constantly in the midst of an immense populace, which from every quarter presented themselves before him.
The brave battalion of the old guards, which accompanied the Emperor from the island of Elba, will arrive here tomorrow, and will have marched from the Gulph Juan to Paris in 21 days. Tomorrow we shall give the account of what took place on the route of His Majesty, from the time of his debarkation to his arrival at Paris.
Paris, March 24.
We learn from Florence that Madame, mother of the Emperor, and the Princess Eliza, his sister, who had remained at Porto Ferrajo, had landed at Viareggio, not far from Lucca.
It is known that the Emperor Alexander has paid several visits to the Empress Maria Louisa, and at each time embraced tenderly the young King of Rome.
His Majesty has lost nothing of his extraordinary activity. Since his arrival in Paris, he has continued to arrange public affairs generally till midnight.
King Joseph, brother of the Emperor, arrived yesterday at 2 o’clock. His Majesty will occupy the Elysee Napoleon.
The Duke of Orleans arrived at Lille on the 19th; he was accompanied by Marshal Mortier, Duke of Trevise, Lieut. Gen. Dufour, commandant of that division, and by the Prefect M. Simeon.
The Duchess d’Angouleme has retired to Spain, where it is supposed she will fix her residence.
Lyons, March 13, 1815.
Napoleon, by the grace of God, had the Constitutions of the Empire, Emperor of the French, &c. &c. & c.
We have decreed and do decree as follows:
Article 1st. The white cockade, the decoration of the fleurs de lys, the Orders of St. Louis, of St. Espirit, and of St. Michel are abolished.
2. The National Cockade shall be worn by the sea and land troops, and by the citizens; the tri-coloured flag shall be hoisted upon the City Halls, and upon the belfreys in the country.
3. Our Grand Marshal, performing the functions of Major General of the Grand Army, is charged with the publication of this decree.
(Signed)
BY THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON
The Grand Marshal, performing the functions of Major General of the Grand Army.
(Signed) BERTRAND
Lyons, March 13, 1815.
Napoleon, by the Grace of God, &c. &c. We have decreed and do decree as follows:
Art. I. All the generals and officers in the land and sea service, of whatever grade, who have been introduced into our armies since the 1st of April 1814, who were emigrants, or who not being emigrants, quitted the service at the period of the first coalition, when the Country had the greatest need of their services, will cease their functions, forthwith will lay aside the insignia of their grade, and return to their places of residence.
2nd. The Ministers of War, the inspectors of reviews, the officers of the treasury and other accounting officers are forbidden to pay those officers under pretext whatsoever, from the time of the publication of the present decree.
(Signed) NAPOLEON
Our Grand Marshal &c. &c.
(Signed) BERTRAND
Napoleon, by the Grace of God, &c. &c. We have decreed and do decree as follows:
Art. 1st. A sequestration shall be put upon all the property, which forms the avenues (les appenages) of the Princes of the House of Bourbon, and upon all they possess by whatever title.
2nd. All the property of the emigrants which belonged to the Legion of Honour, to the hospitals, to the Communes, to the sinking(?) fund, or the fine, which formed part of the domain under whatever denomination it may be, and which may have been bestowed since the 1st of April, to the detriment of the National interests, shall be forthwith put under sequestration.
The prefects and officers of registry will execute this decree as soon as they are made acquainted with it, on the pain of being responsible for the damage that may from such neglect result to the nation.
(Signed) NAPOLEON
Our Grand Marshal, &c. &c.
(Signed) BERTRAND
Lyons, March 18, 1815.
Napoleon, by the Grace of God, &c. &c. We have decreed, &c.
1st. The Nobility is abolished and the laws of the constituent assembly shall be put in force.
2nd. The Feudal titles are suppressed; the laws of our national assemblies shall be put inn force.
3rd. The individuals who have obtained from us national titles, as national recompenses, and whose letter patent have been verified in the legal mode, will continue to bear them.
4th. We reserve to ourselves, to give titles to the French name in different ages, whether in the command of land or sea forces, in the counsels of the Sovereign, in the civil or judicial administrations, or finally in the arts and sciences, commerce, conformable to the law which will be promulgated on this subject.
(Signed) NAPOLEON
Our Grand Marshal, &c. &c.
(Signed) BERTRAND
London, March 11.
The important news brought yesterday from France has struck the public like a clap of thunder, no person expecting. All the great concerns of Europe had been arranged at the Congress. There was no probability that the flames of war would be rekindled in any part of Europe. The best understanding reigned among the great powers; and in France, the attachment to the person and government of Louis was more and more confirmed.
March 16.
At 1 o’clock the agitation in the city was beyond all description. Before ten o’clock the Exchange was full, and news was expected as it was known that expresses had arrived. Business is in the greatest state of activity.
March 17.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer has adjourned until Monday week the examination of the new taxes, which proves that the new loans he has obtained, and perhaps the new state of things have determined him to have recourse to a new system of finance. Consequently, we advise the public to be prepared for the renewal of the property tax, with all its inquisitorial forms.
Morning Chronicle
Twenty sail of the line were yesterday ordered to be put in commission, and many officers who had been put upon half pay, have been ordered to repair to the admiralty. A press is ordered in the port of London and in all other ports for the service of the fleet.
When the news of the landing of Napoleon reached Ghent, it excited the greatest enthusiasm in his favour; and we learn that the same effect was produced in all the low countries. Our troops will have sufficient employ in preserving tranquility there.
Nothing can equal the agitation at the exchange since the reception of the news from France.
We learn that the minister has deferred the notice to the exchange of the next loan, on account of the unexpected alteration, the present state of trade has produced by lowering our funds.
NEWBURYPORT
Tuesday Morning, May 2, 1815.
Our columns, this day, are chiefly occupied by details of the immensely important intelligence received by the Sine qua-non, arrived at New York.
The surprising revolution which has taken place in France since our last advices, has astonished and appalled the world. For twelve months past, we have considered Bonaparte as fallen, to rise no more; and have delighted to contrast his powerless and insignificant condition on the diminutive island of Elba, with the pomp of his former achievements, the unexampled extent and magnitude of his power, and the glory of his imperial and regal splendour. Suddenly, however, and almost miraculously, we see him bursting upon us, in all his former lustre. Not, indeed like the solar orb, refreshing and cheering by it’s welcome radiance; but as some baleful and pestiferous comet, portentous of war, and carnage, and destruction.
In our last, we ventured to express a hope and even belief, that the report then received, would prove incorrect. That so much could be effected in so short a time we thought incredible. But the documents which have since come to hand corroborate the report, and abundantly confirm the few fears we then entertained of its truth.
Who could have anticipated an event so extraordinary, so wonderful? The last dates, received before the arrival of the Sine qua-non, left Louis quietly seated on the throne of his ancestors; the French nation as happy as could have been expected under his government; the Congress at Vienna, engaged in amicably settling the petty differences of nations, and in debating on the question, whether it were better to permit the tyrant to remain at Elba, or to assign him a residence in Scotland; Bonaparte, at ease, had grown corpulent, in his circumscribed domain; and all Europe at peace. Who could have foreseen, and who will not regret, that this universal happiness should so suddenly be destroyed?
With the exception of one or two events, which we hate to mention, none, we think, could have occurred, more gratifying to the administration and its friends, than the downfall of the legitimate monarch of France, and the restoration of the usurper. Openly or covertly, it is clear, they have ever been the warm admirers of the Corsican despot; and they still betray no less admiration of the gems that sparkle in his diadem, than they once did of the sans culotte tidiness of this defender of Republican liberty.
The Chronicle, which has frequently, and we conceive pertinently, been denominated "the Devil’s speaking trumpet," has recommenced its panegyrics on the Great Napoleon; and unblushingly repeats, what it says it has "so often observed," that the "protecting hand of Heaven is peculiarly stretched out for HIS deliverance,"
This is unquestionably the opinion of many of the most violent of the party, and of the administration itself; whose chagrin at the dethronement of their idol, we are sorry to say, must now give place to satisfaction and joy at his re-assumption of his suspended dignity.
It is impossible accurately to determine by what clandestine means, and with whose secret co-operation the late great revolution has been brought about, conjectures are numerous as they are various. If, as many suppose, the abdication of his throne by Bonaparte, "solemnly, for himself and his heirs," was a mere trick, played off to save his capital, and effect the return of French prisoners, &c., still the people of this country should feel greatly obliged to the contrivers of it; for it has given us, what we should not, probably for years, have obtained without it, a peace with England!
Whether the change in Europe shall operate on ourselves, for the better or worse, is not ascertainable. — On this subject, the Editor of the New York Evening Post thus remarks:
"Without going deeply, or reasoning too curiously, I answer, that it may turn out to the advantage or disadvantage of the United States, according as wisdom or folly shall predominate in our councils. It had been already evident, from what little we were permitted to see of the internal policy of France, under Louis, that we could not reckon on any favours of a commercial nature from her; a system of monopoly threatened to exclude us from participating in her trade on advantageous terms to us; and such a system had also began to develop itself throughout the continent. Our best days had passed away, and a peace was not likely to bring them back again. The mere loss and gain point of view, therefore, an unsettled state of things in Europe, provided we adopt a wise and an obvious course, and steer clear of being implicated in them, may be turned to our advantage. If the affairs of our country are placed in the hands of men who will follow the advice of their leader, Washington, we have nothing to apprehend from the present extraordinary events in Europe."
A LETTER FROM AN AMERICAN MERCHANT IN FRANCE
…. States, that at Grasse and even at Marseilles, the magistrates rejected the authority of Bonaparte’s proclamations, until they found the citizens and the soldiery in his favour.
The same letter adds, that Algiers had declared war against Spain, for delinquency in paying their subsidy of 2,000,000.
A late London paper states, that the riots in England were occasioned, not by the rise of corn, as had been represented, but by Bonaparte’
POSTSCRIPT
Further Important News.
ALL EUROPE IN ARMS!
The Editor has received, from his Correspondents in Boston, the following momentous and highly interesting intelligence. In order to lay before the public as early as possible, details of the stupendous events which have recently transpired in Europe, we have thought it expedient to issue an additional sheet, to which we refer our readers.
From London Papers’ to March 20th, received at Halifax.
Vienna, March 13.
The Powers who have signed the Treaty of Paris, assembled at the Congress of Vienna, being informed of the escape of Napoleon Bonaparte, and of his entrance into France with an armed force, owe it to their own dignity and the interest of social order, to make a solemn declaration of the sentiments which this event has excited in them.
By thus breaking the Convention which has established him in the Island of Elba, Bonaparte destroys the only legal title on which his existence depended; by appearing again in France, with projects of confusion and disorder, he deprived himself of the protection of the law, and has manifested to the universe that there can be neither peace nor truce with him.
The Powers consequently declare that Napoleon Bonaparte has placed himself without the pale of civil and social relations, and that as anenemy and disturber of the tranquility of the world, he has rendered himself liable to public vengeance.
They declare at the same time, that firmly restored to maintain entirely the Treaty of Paris of 30th May, 1814, and the dispositions sanctioned by that treaty, and those which they have resolved on, to complete and to consolidate it, they will employ all their means and will unite all their efforts; thus the general peace, the object of the wishes of Europe, and the constant purpose of their labours, may not again be troubled, and to guarantee against every attempt which shall threaten to re-plunge the world into the disorders and miseries of revolution.
??? although entirely persuaded that ??? thence rallying round its legitimate Sovereign, will immediately annihilate this last attempt of a criminal and impotent delirium, all the Sovereigns of Europe animated by the same sentiments, and guided by the same principles, declare, that if, contrary to all calculations, there should result from this event, any real danger, they will be ready to give the King of France and the French nation, or to any other government that shall be attacked as soon as they shall be called upon, all the assistance requisite to restore public tranquility, and to make a common cause against all those who should undertake to compromise it.
The present declaration, inserted in the Register of the Congress assembled at Vienna, on the 13th March, 1815, shall be made public.
Done and attested by the Plenipotentiaries of the High Powers, who signed the Treaty of Paris, Vienna, March 13, 1815.
Here follow the signatures in the alphabetical order of the Court: —
Austria Prince Metternich,
Baron Wissemberg,
Spain P. Gomez Labrador,
France Prince Talleyrand,
The Duke of Dalberg,
Latour du Pin,
Counts Alexis & Noailles,
Great Britain Wellington,
Clancarty,
Stewart,
Portugal Count Pamella,
Saldouha Lobe,
Prussia Prince Hardenberg,
Baron Humboldt,
Russia Count Rasumowsky
Count Stackelberg,
Count Nesselrode,
Sweden Laemenheimn
The ??? Council of War is in continual activity; above forty expresses have been sent since the day before yesterday, to Italy, Hungary, Gallicia, and Bohemia. 80 battalions of infantry, 140 squadrons of cavalry, and a numerous train of artillery have received orders to march immediately to the Rhine. His Majesty the King of Prussia has named Prince Blucher to the Chief Command of all the forces, which are ordered to proceed by forced marches to the Lower Rhine. The Russian army on the Vistula, as well as that of General Benningsen, has received orders to march to Germany; it will be replaced by the reserve army on the banks of the Niemen. The King of Bavaria has promised to furnish 40,000 men under Prince Wrede. The Archduke John is to command the Austrian troops in Italy; the troops of the King of Sardinia will be under his command. The Duke of Wellington will command the Allied Army, composed of English Hanoverians, Dutch and Belgian troops, destined to operate in the Netherlands; to these forces, which are already so respectable, the Emperor of Russia has promised to add 40,000 Russians, including 12,000 cavalry. Lastly it has been resolved that if circumstances require it, the Emperors of Russia and Austria, and the Kings of Prussia and Bavaria, shall repair to Frankfurt, and remain there together till all is settled.
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