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THE WEEKLY MESSENGER
Boston, Friday, July 1, 1814
Foreign Intelligence
From London paper of May 14, received at this port by the Thistle, from Halifax.
TREATY OF ALLIANCE
Vienna, April 7.
The Gazette of this city contains in the French and German language the following:
Between his majesty, the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, his majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, his majesty the King of the United Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and his majesty the King of Prussia, signed at Chaumont, March 1, 1814: —
In the name of the most holy and indivisible Trinity,
Their imperial and royal majesties, the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, his majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, his majesty the King of the United Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and his majesty the King of Prussia, having transmitted to the French government proposals for a general peace, and being at the same time animated with the wish, in case France should reject these proposals, to strengthen the mutual obligation existing between them for the vigorous prosecution of a war which is designated to relieve Europe from its long sufferings, and to secure its future repose by the re-establishment of a just balance of power; and on the other hand, in case Providence should bless their peaceful views to agree on the best means of securing the happy result of their exertions against every future attack:
Their imperial and royal majesties above named, have resolved to confirm this double agreement by a solemn treaty to be signed by each of the four powers, separately, with the three others.
They have named for their plenipotentiaries, his imperial apostolic majesty to negotiate the conditions of this treaty with his majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, Clemens Winzel Lotharius, Prince of Metternich, Winneberg Ochsenhausen, knight of the golden fleece, &c., minister of state, and minister of foreign affairs; and his majesty the Emperor of Austria, on his side, Charles Robert Count Nesselrode, his privy counselor, secretary of state, &c. who having exchanged their full powers, have agreed on the following articles: —
Art. 1. The high contracting powers engage by the present treaty, in case France should refuse to adhere to the terms of the peace proposed, to exert the whole force of their dominions for a vigorous prosecution of the war against France, and to employ it in the most perfect agreement, in order by this means to procure for themselves, and all Europe, a general peace, under the protection on which all nations may maintain and securely enjoy their independence and their rights.
It is to be understood, that this new agreement is not to make any change in the obligations already existing between the contracting powers, concerning the number of troops to be employed against the common enemy; on the contrary, each of the four contracting courts again binds itself, by the present treaty, to keep in the field an army of 150,000 men always complete, in activity against the common enemy, and that exclusively of the garrisons of the fortresses.
Art. II. The high contracting powers mutually engage to enter into no separate negotiations with the common enemy, and to conclude neither peace, cessation of hostilities, nor any convention whatsoever, except by a joint consent of them all.
They further engage never to lay down their arms till the object of the war, as they have agreed upon it among themselves, shall be fully obtained.
Art. III. In order to obtain this great object as soon as possible, his majesty the King of Great Britain engages to furnish a subsidy of £5,000,000 sterling for the service of the year 1814, which shall be equally divided between the three powers; and their imperial and royal majesties further engage to settle before the first of January of every future year, I case (which God forbid) the war should continue so long, the advance in money that may be necessary in the course of the subsequent year.
The subsidy of £5,000,000, herein specified, shall be paid at London in monthly installments, and in equal proportions, to the ministers of the respective powers duly authorized to receive it.
In case peace should be concluded between the allied powers and France before the end of the year, the subsidies calculated at the rate of £5,000,000 per annum, shall be paid to the end of the month in which the definitive treaty shall be signed; and his Britannic majesty promises, over and above the subsidies here stipulated, to pay to Austria and Prussia the amount of two months, and to Russia of four months, to defray the expenses of the march of their troops back to their own territories.
Art. IV. The high contracting powers shall be mutually authorized to have officers duly commissioned with the generals commanding those armies, who may freely correspond with their governments, and acquaint them of the military events, and of every thing relative to the operations of the armies.
Art. V. Though the high contracting powers have reserved it to themselves, in the moment when peach shall be concluded with France, to consult with each other on the means by which they may most certainly secure to Europe, and reciprocally to each other, the maintenance of this peace; they have nevertheless thought it necessary for the defense of their European possessions, in case of an interference to be apprehended from France, in the order of things resulting from the said peace, to make immediately a defensive convention.
Art. VI. For this end they mutually agree, that if the dominions of one of the high contracting powers should be threatened with an invasion from France, the rest shall leave no means untried to prevent such invasion by amicable mediation.
Art. VII. But in case such endeavors should be fruitless, the high contracting powers engage to send to the party attacked an auxiliary army of 60,000 men.
Art. VIII. This army shall consist of 50,000 foot and 10,000 horse, with a proportionate train of artillery and ammunition. Care shall be taken that it shall take the field at the very latest in two months after it is called for, and in the manner most effectual for the power so attacked or threatened.
Art. IX. As on account of the situation of the theatre of war, or for other reasons, it might be difficult for Great Britain to furnish the stipulated assistance in English troops within the appointed time, and keep them up to the full war complements, his Britannic majesty reserves to himself the right to furnish his contingent to the power requiring it, either in foreign troops in his pay, or to pay an annual sum, at the rat of £20 sterling for every foot soldier, and £30 for every horseman, to the full amount of the stipulated contingent. The manner in which Great Britain will have to afford its assistance in every particular case, shall be arranged by an amicable agreement between the British government and the power attacked or threatened, at the same time that the assistance is required. The same principle shall be extended to the number of troops which his Britannic majesty engages to furnish by the first article of the present treaty.
Art. X. The auxiliary army is under the immediate command of the general in chief of the requiring power; but it shall be led by its own general, and employed in all military operations according to the rules of war. The pay of the auxiliary army to be at the charge of the power requiring. The rations and portions of provisions, forage &c. as also quarters, will be furnished as soon as the auxiliary army has passed its own frontiers, by the power requiring, and be supplied according to the same standard asit supplies its own troops, in the field and in quarters.
Art. XI. The military regulation and economy in the interior administration of the troops depends wholly on their own general. The trophies taken from the enemy belong to the troops which have gained them.
Art. XII. The high contracting powers reserve to themselves the right, in case the assistance herein stipulated should be found insufficient, to make, without loss of time, new arrangements for further assistance.
Art. XIII. The high contracting powers reciprocally promise, that in case one or other of them should be drawn into hostilities by furnishing the succour herein stipulated, neither the requiring party, nor party engaged in war as an auxiliary, shall make peace, except with the consent of the other.
Art. XIV. The engagements contracted by this treaty shall by no means detract from those which the high contracting powers may have entered already into with other powers, nor hinder them from concluding alliances with other states, which may have for their object the attainment of the same happy result.
Art. XV. In order to give greater effect to the above stipulated defensive arrangements by the union of the powers most exposed to a French invasion, for their common defense, the high contracting courts have resolved to invite those powers to join the present treaty of defensive alliance.
Art. XVI. As it is the object of the present treaty of defensive alliance to maintain the balance of power in Europe, to insure the repose and independence of the different powers, and to prevent the arbitrary violations of the rights and territories of other states, by which the world has suffered for so many years together, the contracting powers have agreed to fix the duration of the present treaty for twenty years, reserving it to themselves, if circumstances should require it, to proceed to the prolongation of it three years before its expiration.
Art. XVII. The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged within two months, or sooner if possible. In testimony whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed these presents, and affixed their seals.
Done at Chaumont, March 1, (February 17) 1814.
(Signed) Prince de Metternich
Count de Nesselrode
(The treaties signed the same day with the King of Great Britain, and the King of Prussia, are word for word the same as the above. The first signed by Lord Castlereagh, his Britannic majesty’s minister of state for foreign affairs; the second by Baron Hardenberg, chancellor to his Prussian majesty.)
PRELIMINARY TREATY
Paris, April 25.
This day have been ratified by his royal highness Monsieur, son of France, brother of the King, lieutenant-general of the kingdom of France, conventions with each of the high allied powers, of which the following are the particulars:
The allied powers, ??? determined to put an end to the miseries of Europe, and to lay the basis of its future tranquility on a just division of strength between the states of which it is composed; wishing to give to France, whose newly formed government affords all necessary securities, for the maintenance of peace, proofs of their desire to unite with her in relations of amity; wishing also to allow France to enjoy, as far as possible, and immediately, the advantages of peace, even before all its arrangements may be determined on, have agreed, conjointly with Monsieur, son of France, brother of the king, lieutenant-general of the kingdom of France, to a suspension of hostilities between their respective forces, and the re-establishment of the ancient relations of friendship between them.
His royal highness Monsieur, son of France, &c. &c. on the one part, and the respective sovereigns, &c. on their part, have, in consequence, nominated plenipotentiaries to agree to an act, which, without prejudicing the arrangements for peace, shall contain the stipulations for a suspension of hostilities, and which shall be followed as soon as possible by a regular treaty of peace, namely,
(Here to follow the designations of the different high contracting powers, and their plenipotentiaries.)
These characters, after the interchange of their respective full powers, have agreed to the following articles:
Art. I. All hostilities by land and by sea are, and shall remain, suspended between the allied powers and France, namely, by land, as soon as the generals commanding the French armies and fortified places shall have made known to the generals commanding the allied troops who are opposed to them, that they have acknowledged the authority of the lieutenant general of the kingdom of France; and as well by sea, as with regard to all maritime places and stations, as soon as the fleets and ports of the kingdom of France, or the places occupied by French troops, shall have made the same submissions.
Art. II. In order to confirm the re-establishment of the relations of amity between the allied powers and France, and to let her enjoy, as much as possible, beforehand, the advantages of peace, the allied powers shall cause to be evacuated by their armies the whole of the French territory, such as it was on the 1st of January, 1792, while the places still occupied beyond those limits by the French troops shall be evacuated and restored to the allies.
Art. III. The lieutenant general of the kingdom of France will, in consequence, give orders to the commandants of those places, to resign them on the following conditions, viz. the places situated on the Rhine, not comprised within the space of ten days from the date of the signature of the present act; the places in Piedmont and the other parts of Italy which belonged to France, within the space of fifteen days; those in Spain within twenty days; and all other places without exception — which are at present occupied by French troops; so that a total surrender may be made previous to the 1st of June next. The garrisons of those places shall march out with their arms and baggage, and the military and other persons of every description in the French service, with their private property. They shall also be allowed to take with them their field artillery, in the proportion of three pieces to every thousand men, the sick and wounded being included in the numbers.
The appurtenances of the fortress, and whatever is not private property, shall remain and be consigned to the allies as they may be found, without any dilapidation. In the appurtenances are comprised, not only the depots of artillery and ammunition, but also all other sorts of warlike stores of any kind whatever, as well as all archives, inventories, plans, maps, models, &c. &c. &c.
Immediately after the signature of the present convention, commissioners on the part of the allied powers and France, shall be appointed and sent off to the fortresses, to ascertain the state in which they may be found, and to regulate conjointly the execution of this article.
The garrisons shall be despatched at regular intervals to the routes which shall be agreed on for their return to France.
The blockade of all the strong places in France shall be raised immediately by the allied armies. The French troops forming part of the army of Italy, or occupying the strong places in that country, or in the Mediterranean, shall be immediately recalled by the lieutenant general of the kingdom.
Art. IV. The stipulations of the preceding articles shall likewise be applied to the maritime places; the contracting powers reserving to themselves the right of regulating in the definitive treaty of peace, the fate of the arsenals and ships of war, armed or in ordinary, which may be found in the said places.
Art. V. The fleet and ships of France shall remain in their respective situations, excepting the vessels charged with missions; but theimmediate effect of the present act, with regard to the French ports, shall be the cessation of all blockades by land and sea, the liberty of fishing, that of coasting, and particularly as this is necessary for supplying Paris with provisions, and re-establishing the relations of commerce, conformably to the internal regulations of each country. And this immediate effect, with regard to the interior, shall be the free supply of the towns, and the transit of military or commercial stores.
Art. VI. In order to prevent all cause of complaints or disputes which may arise, on account of the captures which may be made at sea, after the signing of the present convention, it is reciprocally agreed, that the ships and effects which may be taken in the Channel, and in the North Sea, after the space of twelve days, reckoning from the exchange of the ratifications of the present act, shall be restored on either side; that the period shall be one month from the Channel and the North Sea, to the Canary Isles, the Equator, and five months in all the other parts of the world, without any exception, or any other distinction as to time or place.
Art. VII. The prisoners on all sides, whether soldiers or seamen, or of what description soever, and particularly all hostages, shall be immediately set at liberty and sent home to their respective countries, without ransom or exchange. Commissioners shall be appointed reciprocally to forward this general liberation
Art. VIII. The co-belligerents, immediately after the signature of the present act, shall surrender the government or possession of the towns at present occupied by their troops, to the magistrates appointed by his royal highness the lieutenant-general of the kingdom of France. The royal authorities undertake to provide for the subsistence and necessities of the troops, till the time when they shall have evacuated the French territories; and the allied powers on their part, out of good will and friendship towards France, will cause all military requisitions to be discontinued, as soon as the surrender of the different places to the legitimate authority shall have been effected.
The general terms of the execution of this article shall be regulated by a particular convention.
Art. IX. A general understanding shall prevail, with regard to the terms of the second article, as to the roads which the troops of the allied powers shall take on their march, in order that the necessary supplies may be prepared for them; and commissaries shall be appointed to make all the necessary arrangements, and to accompany the troops till they shall quit the French territory.
In faith of which the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention, and have affixed to it their seals.
Done at Paris, the 23rd of April, in the year of grace 1814.
ADDITIONAL ARTICLE
The period of ten days, admitted in virtue of the stipulations of the third article of the convention of this day, for the evacuation of the places on the Rhine, and between this river, and the ancient frontiers of France, is extended to the places, forts, and military establishments, of what nature soever they may be, in the United Provinces of the Low Countries.
The present additional article shall have the same force and virtue as if it had been actually inserted in the convention of this day.
In virtue of which the respective plenipotentiaries have signed it, and affixed to it their respective seals.
Done at Paris, the 23rd of April, in the year of grace 1814.
Vienna, April 22 — The Court Gazette of this day contains the following article: —
Paris, April 13 — In virtue of a convention between the ministers of the allied court, and the envoys of Napoleon furnished with powers, to which the provisional government accedes, the ci-devant emperor renounces formally all kind of pretensions to the crowns of France and Italy, and shall enjoyin exchange, during his life, the Isle of Elba, where a pension shall be paid to him and the members of his family. The Duchies of Parma, Placentia and Guastalla, shall, at the approaching peace, be ceded in full property, to the Empress Maria Louisa, who shall transmit them to her son, t whom the title of Prince of Parma and Placentia is granted from this time.
(The London Courier of May 5, thus remarks on the above.)
"It is from the German papers that we derive now the most important intelligence relative to negotiations, arrangements, &c. The Vienna Gazette furnishes us with a more particular account of the convention between the allied courts (England excepted) and Bonaparte, which convention Mr. Whitbread alluded to yesterday, putting certain questions to the chancellor of the exchequer, who did not deem it proper to reply to them.
By this convention, in which the provisional government of France acceded, Bonaparte, as our readers know, made a formal renunciation of the crowns of France and Italy, receiving in exchange, for his life, the Isle of Elba, and a pension to him and the members of his family. Hence we conclude that they are to live there also.
The Duchies of Parma, Placentia and Guastalia are to be ceded in full sovereignty to the Archduchess, or, as she is called in the Vienna Gazette, the Empress Maria Louisa, who transmits them to her son, the ci-devant king of Rome, who is immediately to take the title of Prince of Parma and Placentia! Cambaceres was Duke of Parma, and Lebrun, Duke of Placentia. Are these titles to remain?
There is one motive alone that could have induced the allies to accede to this convention — a motive of delicacy to the Emperor of Austria.
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-Napoleon Bonaparte
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